2026 Revolutionary Read - This year the committee has chosen Never Caught: The Washingtons' Relentless Pursuit of Their Runaway Slave, Ona Judge by Erica Armstrong Dunbar.
When George and Martha Washington relocated from Mount Vernon to Philadelphia, then serving as the nation's capital, they brought nine enslaved people with them to work as cooks, horsemen, house servants, and personal attendants. Philadelphia was a different world, for both the free and the enslaved members of the household. Slavery was widely frowned upon there, and Pennsylvania law required enslavers to free anyone held in bondage after six months of residency.
To get around this, Washington regularly sent the people he enslaved back to Virginia before the six-month mark, resetting the clock each time. Ona Judge, who served as Martha Washington's personal attendant, eventually recognized this pattern. Exposed to Philadelphia's large free Black community, she began to imagine a different life and ultimately ran, leaving behind everyone and everything she'd known.
Dunbar traces both Judge's pursuit of freedom and Washington's dogged, personal effort to track her down and bring her back. Never Caught offers a rare, detailed look at the life of an enslaved woman who escaped in the eighteenth century, and it reshapes how we understand Washington's relationship to slavery.
About the AuthorErica Armstrong Dunbar is the NEH Professor in the Humanities and Professor of African American Studies at Emory University. Her first book, A Fragile Freedom: African American Women and Emancipation in the Antebellum City, was followed by Never Caught, which was a finalist for the National Book Award in Nonfiction and won the Frederick Douglass Book Award. She has also written several accessible biographies, including a young reader's edition of Never Caught, She Came to Slay: The Life and Times of Harriet Tubman, and Susie King Taylor: Nurse, Teacher & Freedom Fighter. Dunbar recently served as Co-Executive Producer of the HBO series
Author VisitRevolutionary Reads will culminate with a visit from the author on Tuesday, October 27 at 6:30 pm, hosted by Widener University. This event is free and open to the public. Dunbar will discuss the story of Ona Judge, who fled to New England and became the target of a determined manhunt led by George Washington himself.